We use Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques and tools to explore the learning and teaching process in situ and in real time. This research is theoretically grounded and the increased understanding that is gained through our systematic empirical evaluations informs further theory development. Active research areas include: collaboration, metacognition, motivation, data mining, scaffolding and intelligent support. Many of our projects use Learner modeling to facilitate adaptation of the interactions to an individual learner. This also provides mechanisms for the systematic collection of information about the learner that enhances our understanding and practice related to human cognition, communication and educational technology design and use.